2 Nanotechnology

Building Machines and Robots from Inside Out

Nano means a billionth of something. The term nanotechnology could therefore, theoretically, refer to anything within technology where we work with particles a billionth of something; we are talking about particles on an atom level. In this book, however, we are more specific when we use the term nanotechnology. We are here discussing nanotechnology in terms of building humanlike machines from the atom level and up. Not only that, scientists working in this field are instructed to replicate biological humans as closely as possible when working with this technology. Then, there are other definitions of nanotechnology in addition to the above. Let’s examine two well-respected dictionaries, and we’ll begin with Merriam-Webster,

Simple Definition of Nanotechnology:

- the science of working with atoms and molecules to build devices (such as robots) that are extremely small.

Full Definition of Nanotechnology:

- the science of manipulating materials on an atomic or molecular scale especially to build microscopic devices (as robots) merriam-webster nanotechnology

Now, let us take a look at the Cambridge Free English Dictionary definitions and compare,

- the science of making extremely small devices the size of atoms and molecules an area of science that deals with developing and producing extremely small tools and machines by controlling the arrangement of separate atoms cambridge nanotechnology

Not only is this technology used to build robots on the macro level; it’s also used to build robots directly on the nano level—robots that are a billionth in size compared with anything we can see on the macro level! Now we are talking about nanobots again: particles on a cellular level that are already put in our bloodstream.

The idea of being able to maneuver things, atom by atom, first became public in 1959 when scientist Richard Feynman said, “the principles of physics, as far as I can see, do not speak against the possibility of maneuvering things atom by atom." "There's Plenty of Room at the Bottom," a talk by Richard Feynman (awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics in 1965) at an annual meeting of the American Physical Society given on December 29, 1959. Reprinted in "Miniaturization", edited by H. D. Gilbert (Reinhold, New York, 1961) pages 282-296. He won the Nobel Prize in 1965. Feynman’s work then inspired scientists to expand on his work with the purpose of actually achieving what Feynman suggested was possible. Now, more than fifty years later, we can say with 100% certainty that Feynman was correct: science has to a large degree achieved that goal.

However, I want to alert the reader that it’s all a dog-and-pony show because this technology is millions or perhaps even billions of years old and extraterrestrial in its origin. The exponential technological development we have experienced over the last 150 years does not originate from the minds of some brilliant scientists who came up with ideas out of nowhere; the technology was given to them in dream state or directly by the AIF. Some scientists have probably been more aware than others that they have had outside sources helping them to come up with their most brilliant inventions. Nikola Tesla, the ingenious scientist in the early twentieth century, who developed free energy and invented things that could have been very useful to mankind, if he hadn’t been stopped by the Controllers, admitted openly that he had help from extraterrestrials.

The entire idea of nanotechnology is to have the atomic building block self-replicate. This is being experimented on and has, to some degree, already been accomplished. Not all of it is out in public yet; they don’t want to reveal everything at once because every revelation must be followed by an action, and if the world isn’t ready for the action, certain revelations have to wait. The multi-billion AI Industry knows this all too well, and IBM—a giant in developing AI—agrees wholeheartedly. IBM states that new technology usually rather comes in short steps than giant leaps, and this is for many reasons. New York Times, Feb. 28, 2016, “The Promise of Artificial Intelligence Unfolds in Small Steps”

Because of self-replication capabilities, nanotechnology in the long term will be cheap. Scientists who have followed Feynman’s line of thinking know that everything from the smallest particle up to the largest robot can, with atoms artificially put in the right sequence, self-replicate. This certainly sounds as science-fiction to many, but later in this book, we will see that our media are already exposing this near future possibility.

J. Storrs Hall explains in more detail how this works. I know it’s a little technical, but I want to show how mRNA (messenger RNA), transferring the information from the DNA/genes in living organisms to specify certain gene expressions, is required in order to achieve this goal of self-replication: Ribosomes manufacture all the proteins used in all living things on this planet. The ribosome … is a complex molecular machine found within all living cells, that serves as the site of biological protein synthesis (translation).

Ribosomes link amino acids together in the order specified by messenger RNA (mRNA) molecules. Ribosomes consist of two major components: the small ribosomal subunit, which reads the RNA, and the large subunit, which joins amino acids to form a polypeptide chain. Each subunit is composed of one or more ribosomal RNA (rRNA) molecules and a variety of proteins. The ribosomes and associated molecules are also known as the translational apparatus. [Wikipedia]

A typical ribosome is relatively small (a few thousand cubic nanometers) and is capable of building almost any protein by stringing together amino acids (the building blocks of proteins) in a precise linear sequence.

To do this, the ribosome has a means of grasping a specific amino acid (more precisely, it has a means of selectively grasping a specific transfer RNA, which in turn is chemically bonded by a specific enzyme to a specific amino acid), of grasping the growing polypeptide, and of causing the specific amino acid to react with and be added to the end of the polypeptide Operation_Paperclip.

The instructions that the ribosome follows in building a protein are provided by mRNA (messenger RNA). This is a polymer formed from the four bases adenine, cytosine, guanine, and uracil. A sequence of several hundred to a few thousand such bases codes for a specific protein. The ribosome "reads" this "control tape" sequentially, and acts on the directions it provides.

[…]

The assembler is a device having a submicroscopic robotic arm under computer control. It will be capable of holding and positioning reactive compounds in order to control the precise location at which chemical reactions take place. This general approach should allow the construction of large atomically precise objects by a sequence of precisely controlled chemical reactions, building objects molecule by molecule.

If designed to do so, assemblers will be able to build copies of themselves, that is, to replicate - Source.

The assembler requires a detailed sequence of control signals, just as the ribosome requires mRNA to control its actions. Such detailed control signals can be provided by a computer.

In other words, the technology is already here to have machines—both on the nano level and macro level—self-replicating. This is a very important step toward the Singularity. The above is of course a very simplistic way of defining nanotechnology because it’s so much more complicated than this, but I am trying to be as non-technical as possible. Those who want to learn more on a scientific level can find many good scientific references on the Internet.

Now that we have covered the basics, it’s time to see what mainstream media are telling us about nanotechnology and its progress in the scientific community.

Next page: Nanotechnology in the Media